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南平高速建设有限公司网站,郑州seo服务公司,网站建设用户调查报告,陕西最新消息今天前言 之前记录过【yolov5系列】将模型部署到瑞芯微RK3566上，整体比较流畅，记录了onnx转rknn的相关环境配置，使用的rk版本为rknn-toolkit2-v1.4.0。当前库已经更新为1.5，这里还是沿用1.4的版本进行记录。本篇博客是在上篇博客&…

前言

之前记录过【yolov5系列】将模型部署到瑞芯微RK3566上，整体比较流畅，记录了onnx转rknn的相关环境配置，使用的rk版本为rknn-toolkit2-v1.4.0。当前库已经更新为1.5，这里还是沿用1.4的版本进行记录。本篇博客是在上篇博客（yolov5的rk3566的部署）的基础上，记录下yolov8n-seg的模型在3566上的部署过程，原理得空再写。若精度异常可查看官方提供文档 Rockchip_User_Guide_RKNN_Toolkit2_CN-1.4.0.pdf，写的比较详细。
 
【自己遇到的问题】
1） yolov8模型模型进行全量化结果异常
2） yolov8模型在PC端模拟器的运行结果正确，但板端运行结果异常
上述的问题也许不久就会被RK的工程师修复，但若其他的网络出现新的问题，我们是要有问题定位分析并解决的能力。接下来的篇章是自己逐步查找定位问题的一个过程，并在最后一章节附了完成的python相关代码。
 

【对于yolov8的目标检测模型】
出现的问题与分割模型是一致的。从网络结构的实现上说，yolov8的实例分割任务，比目标检测任务多了一个语义的分支，且检测分支的channel通道发生变化，其他的结果基本一致。所以明白异常原因，即可同步解决yolov8其他任务的RK部署问题。
 

【模型量化时容易出现的问题】
1）平台有不支持的算子，若算子没有可训练参数，可在训练或导出模型前，将其替换成其他等效功能的算子即可；若算子存在可训练参数，需要在训练前就使用其他算子替换，否则无法进行模型转换。
2）模型量化时，多多注意输出端的concat操作。当合并的数据处于不同的量级，此时该节点量化一定会出现异常。

1 RK模型在仿真器中的推理

1.1 工程代码详解

这里先给出yolov8-seg模型的onnx转rknn、已经仿真器模型的输出结果的后处理 的工程代码。这里转换的工程参考rknn中yolov5的转换，后处理参考yolov8的官方工程（RK还未提供yolov8的方案）。
 在这里插入图片描述
其中：

  • 【data文件夹】该文件夹存放着量化数据，这里使用一张图片作为示例。
  • 【model文件夹】为了整齐，这里创建个文件夹用来存放需要转换的onnx模型，以及转换后的rknn模型。
  • 【dataset.txt】文本内容为 量化时需要设置的量化图片路径的列表。可事先提供，可代码生成
  • 【test.py】实现模型转换、仿真器推理的代码
  • 【post.py】yolov8-seg模型输出的后处理代码
     

这里附上 test.py and post.py两个代码文件内容

## test.pyimport os
import numpy as np
import cv2
from rknn.api import RKNN
import post as post
import globdef makedirs(path):if not os.path.exists(path): os.makedirs(path)return pathdef gen_color(class_num):"""随机生成掩码颜色, 用于可视化"""color_list = []np.random.seed(1)while 1:a = list(map(int, np.random.choice(range(255),3)))if(np.sum(a)==0): continuecolor_list.append(a)if len(color_list)==class_num: break# for i in range(len(color_list)):#     a = np.zeros((500,500,3))+color_list[i]#     cv2.imwrite(f"./labelcolor/{i}_{self.index2name[i]}.png", a)return color_listdef load_and_export_rknnmodel(ONNX_MODEL, RKNN_MODEL, OUT_NODE, QUANTIZE_ON, DATASET=None):"""rknn官方提供的onnx转rknn的代码, 并初始化仿真器运行环境需要手动设置的是图片的均值mean_values 和方差std_values"""# Create RKNN objectrknn = RKNN(verbose=True)# pre-process configprint('--> Config model')rknn.config(mean_values=[[0, 0, 0]], std_values=[[255, 255, 255]])print('done')# Load ONNX modelprint('--> Loading model')ret = rknn.load_onnx(model=ONNX_MODEL, outputs=OUT_NODE)if ret != 0:print('Load model failed!')exit(ret)print('done')# Build modelprint('--> Building model')ret = rknn.build(do_quantization=QUANTIZE_ON, dataset=DATASET)if ret != 0:print('Build model failed!')exit(ret)print('done')# Export RKNN modelprint('--> Export rknn model')ret = rknn.export_rknn(RKNN_MODEL)if ret != 0:print('Export rknn model failed!')exit(ret)print('done')# Init runtime environmentprint('--> Init runtime environment')ret = rknn.init_runtime()# ret = rknn.init_runtime('rk3566')if ret != 0:print('Init runtime environment failed!')exit(ret)print('done')return rknndef gene_dataset_txt(DATASET_path, savefile):"""获取量化图片文件名的列表, 并保存成txt, 用于量化时设置"""file_data = glob.glob(os.path.join(DATASET_path,"*.jpg"))with open(savefile, "w") as f:for file in file_data:f.writelines(f"./{file}\n")def load_image(IMG_PATH, IMG_SIZE):"""加载图片, 这里每个任务的预处理的规则可能不同, 只需要保证处理后的图片的尺寸和模型输入尺寸保持一致即可return: image用于结果可视, img用于模型推理"""image = cv2.imread(IMG_PATH)##==# image = cv2.resize(image, (IMG_SIZE[1],IMG_SIZE[0],3))##==# image_ = np.zeros((IMG_SIZE[1],IMG_SIZE[0],3), dtype=image.dtype)# pad = (IMG_SIZE[1]-360)//2# image_[pad:IMG_SIZE[1]-pad,:] = image# cv2.imwrite("data/test.jpg", image_)# image = image_img = cv2.cvtColor(image, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB)return image, imgdef vis_result(image, results, colorlist, save_file):"""将掩码信息+box信息画到原图上, 并将原图+masks图+可视化图 concat起来, 方便结果查看"""boxes, masks, shape = resultsvis_img = image.copy()mask_img = np.zeros_like(image)for box, mask in zip(boxes, masks):mask_img[mask!=0] = colorlist[int(box[-1])] ## cls=int(box[-1])vis_img = vis_img*0.5 + mask_img*0.5for box in boxes:cv2.rectangle(vis_img, (int(box[0]), int(box[1])), (int(box[2]), int(box[3])), (0,0,255),3,4)vis_img = np.concatenate([image, mask_img, vis_img],axis=1)cv2.imwrite(save_file, vis_img)if __name__ == '__main__':CLASSES = ["floor", "blanket","door_sill","obstacle"]### 模型转换相关设置ONNX_MODEL = './model/best_class4_384_640.onnx'RKNN_MODEL = './model/best_class4_384_640.rknn'DATASET = './dataset.txt'DATASET_PATH = 'data'QUANTIZE_ON = False# QUANTIZE_ON = TrueOUT_NODE = ["output0","output1"]### 预测图片的设置IMG_SIZE = [640, 384]  ## 图片的whIMG_PATH = './data/1664025163_1664064856_00164_001.jpg'### 后处理的设置save_PATH = makedirs('./result')OBJ_THRESH = 0.25NMS_THRESH = 0.45### 开始实现====================================================if QUANTIZE_ON:gene_dataset_txt(DATASET_PATH, DATASET)print('1---------------------------------------> export model')rknn = load_and_export_rknnmodel(ONNX_MODEL, RKNN_MODEL, OUT_NODE, QUANTIZE_ON, DATASET)print('2---------------------------------------> gene colorlist')colorlist = gen_color(len(CLASSES))  ## 获取着色时的颜色信息print('3---------------------------------------> loading image')image, img = load_image(IMG_PATH, IMG_SIZE)print('4---------------------------------------> Running model')outputs = rknn.inference(inputs=[img])print('5---------------------------------------> postprocess')## ============模型输出后的后处理。从yolov8源码中摘取后用numpy库代替了pytorch库im = np.transpose(img[np.newaxis],[0,3,1,2])results = post.postprocess(outputs, im, img, OBJ_THRESH, NMS_THRESH, classes=len(CLASSES)) ##[box,mask,shape]results = results[0]              ## batch=1,取第一个数据即可print('6---------------------------------------> save result')save_file = os.path.join(save_PATH, os.path.basename(IMG_PATH))vis_result(image,  results, colorlist, save_file)print()

## post.pyimport time
import numpy as np
import cv2def xywh2xyxy(x):y = np.copy(x)y[..., 0] = x[..., 0] - x[..., 2] / 2  # top left xy[..., 1] = x[..., 1] - x[..., 3] / 2  # top left yy[..., 2] = x[..., 0] + x[..., 2] / 2  # bottom right xy[..., 3] = x[..., 1] + x[..., 3] / 2  # bottom right yreturn ydef clip_boxes(boxes, shape):boxes[..., [0, 2]] = boxes[..., [0, 2]].clip(0, shape[1])  # x1, x2boxes[..., [1, 3]] = boxes[..., [1, 3]].clip(0, shape[0])  # y1, y2def scale_boxes(img1_shape, boxes, img0_shape, ratio_pad=None):if ratio_pad is None:  # calculate from img0_shapegain = min(img1_shape[0] / img0_shape[0], img1_shape[1] / img0_shape[1])  # gain  = old / newpad = (img1_shape[1] - img0_shape[1] * gain) / 2, (img1_shape[0] - img0_shape[0] * gain) / 2  # wh paddingelse:gain = ratio_pad[0][0]pad = ratio_pad[1]boxes[..., [0, 2]] -= pad[0]  # x paddingboxes[..., [1, 3]] -= pad[1]  # y paddingboxes[..., :4] /= gainclip_boxes(boxes, img0_shape)return boxesdef crop_mask(masks, boxes):n, h, w = masks.shapex1, y1, x2, y2 = np.split(boxes[:, :, None], 4, axis=1)r = np.arange(w, dtype=np.float32)[None, None, :]  # rows shape(1,w,1)c = np.arange(h, dtype=np.float32)[None, :, None]  # cols shape(h,1,1)return masks * ((r >= x1) * (r < x2) * (c >= y1) * (c < y2))def sigmoid(x): return 1.0/(1+np.exp(-x))def process_mask(protos, masks_in, bboxes, shape):c, mh, mw = protos.shape  # CHWih, iw = shapemasks = sigmoid(masks_in @ protos.reshape(c, -1)).reshape(-1, mh, mw)  # CHW 【lulu】downsampled_bboxes = bboxes.copy()downsampled_bboxes[:, 0] *= mw / iwdownsampled_bboxes[:, 2] *= mw / iwdownsampled_bboxes[:, 3] *= mh / ihdownsampled_bboxes[:, 1] *= mh / ihmasks = crop_mask(masks, downsampled_bboxes)  # CHWmasks = np.transpose(masks, [1,2,0])# masks = cv2.resize(masks, (shape[1], shape[0]), interpolation=cv2.INTER_NEAREST)masks = cv2.resize(masks, (shape[1], shape[0]), interpolation=cv2.INTER_LINEAR)masks = np.transpose(masks, [2,0,1])return np.where(masks>0.5,masks,0)def nms(bboxes, scores, threshold=0.5):x1 = bboxes[:, 0]y1 = bboxes[:, 1]x2 = bboxes[:, 2]y2 = bboxes[:, 3]areas = (x2 - x1) * (y2 - y1)order = scores.argsort()[::-1]keep = []while order.size > 0:i = order[0]keep.append(i)if order.size == 1: breakxx1 = np.maximum(x1[i], x1[order[1:]])yy1 = np.maximum(y1[i], y1[order[1:]])xx2 = np.minimum(x2[i], x2[order[1:]])yy2 = np.minimum(y2[i], y2[order[1:]])w = np.maximum(0.0, (xx2 - xx1))h = np.maximum(0.0, (yy2 - yy1))inter = w * hiou = inter / (areas[i] + areas[order[1:]] - inter)ids = np.where(iou <= threshold)[0]order = order[ids + 1]return keepdef non_max_suppression(prediction,conf_thres=0.25,iou_thres=0.45,classes=None,agnostic=False,multi_label=False,labels=(),max_det=300,nc=0,  # number of classes (optional)
):# Checksassert 0 <= conf_thres <= 1, f'Invalid Confidence threshold {conf_thres}, valid values are between 0.0 and 1.0'assert 0 <= iou_thres <= 1, f'Invalid IoU {iou_thres}, valid values are between 0.0 and 1.0'#【lulu】prediction.shape[1]：box + cls + num_masksbs = prediction.shape[0]              # batch sizenc = nc or (prediction.shape[1] - 4)  # number of classesnm = prediction.shape[1] - nc - 4     # num_masksmi = 4 + nc                           # mask start indexxc = np.max(prediction[:, 4:mi], axis=1) > conf_thres ## 【lulu】# Settings# min_wh = 2  # (pixels) minimum box width and heightmax_wh = 7680  # (pixels) maximum box width and heightmax_nms = 30000  # maximum number of boxes into torchvision.ops.nms()time_limit = 0.5 + 0.05 * bs  # seconds to quit afterredundant = True  # require redundant detectionsmulti_label &= nc > 1  # multiple labels per box (adds 0.5ms/img)merge = False  # use merge-NMSt = time.time()output = [np.zeros((0,6 + nm))] * bs ## 【lulu】for xi, x in enumerate(prediction):  # image index, image inference# Apply constraints# x[((x[:, 2:4] < min_wh) | (x[:, 2:4] > max_wh)).any(1), 4] = 0  # width-heightx = np.transpose(x,[1,0])[xc[xi]] ## 【lulu】# If none remain process next imageif not x.shape[0]: continue# Detections matrix nx6 (xyxy, conf, cls)box, cls, mask = np.split(x, [4, 4+nc], axis=1) ## 【lulu】box = xywh2xyxy(box)  # center_x, center_y, width, height) to (x1, y1, x2, y2)j = np.argmax(cls, axis=1)  ## 【lulu】conf = cls[np.array(range(j.shape[0])), j].reshape(-1,1)x = np.concatenate([box, conf, j.reshape(-1,1), mask], axis=1)[conf.reshape(-1,)>conf_thres]# Check shapen = x.shape[0]  # number of boxesif not n: continuex = x[np.argsort(x[:, 4])[::-1][:max_nms]]  # sort by confidence and remove excess boxes 【lulu】# Batched NMSc = x[:, 5:6] * max_wh  # classes ## 乘以的原因是将相同类别放置统一尺寸区间进行nmsboxes, scores = x[:, :4] + c, x[:, 4]  # boxes (offset by class), scoresi = nms(boxes, scores, iou_thres) ## 【lulu】i = i[:max_det]  # limit detectionsoutput[xi] = x[i]if (time.time() - t) > time_limit:# LOGGER.warning(f'WARNING ⚠️ NMS time limit {time_limit:.3f}s exceeded')break  # time limit exceededreturn outputdef postprocess(preds, img, orig_img, OBJ_THRESH, NMS_THRESH, classes=None):"""len(preds)=2preds[0].shape=(1,40,5040)。其中40=4(box)+4(cls)+32(num_masks), 32为原型系数。5040为3层输出featuremap的grid_ceil的总和。preds[1].shape=(1, 32, 96, 160)。32为32个原型掩码。(96,160)为第三层的featuremap的尺寸。总共需要3个步骤:1. 对检测框, 也就是preds[0], 进行得分阈值、iou阈值筛选, 得到需要保留的框的信息, 以及对应的32为原型系数2. 将每个检测框的原型系数乘以每个原型, 得到对应的类别的mask, 此时目标框和mask数量一一对应。然后使用每个检测框框自己对应的mask的featuremap,框以外的有效mask删除, 得到最终的目标掩码3. 将mask和框都恢复到原尺寸下"""p = non_max_suppression(preds[0],OBJ_THRESH,NMS_THRESH,agnostic=False,max_det=300,nc=classes,classes=None)                            results = []proto = preds[1]  for i, pred in enumerate(p):shape = orig_img.shapeif not len(pred):results.append([[], [], []])  # save empty boxescontinuemasks = process_mask(proto[i], pred[:, 6:], pred[:, :4], img.shape[2:])  # HWCpred[:, :4] = scale_boxes(img.shape[2:], pred[:, :4], shape).round()results.append([pred[:, :6], masks, shape[:2]])return resultsdef make_anchors(feats_shape, strides, grid_cell_offset=0.5):"""Generate anchors from features."""anchor_points, stride_tensor = [], []assert feats_shape is not Nonedtype_ = np.floatfor i, stride in enumerate(strides):_, _, h, w = feats_shape[i]sx = np.arange(w, dtype=dtype_) + grid_cell_offset  # shift xsy = np.arange(h, dtype=dtype_) + grid_cell_offset  # shift ysy, sx = np.meshgrid(sy, sx, indexing='ij') anchor_points.append(np.stack((sx, sy), -1).reshape(-1, 2))stride_tensor.append(np.full((h * w, 1), stride, dtype=dtype_))return np.concatenate(anchor_points), np.concatenate(stride_tensor)def dist2bbox(distance, anchor_points, xywh=True, dim=-1):"""Transform distance(ltrb) to box(xywh or xyxy)."""lt, rb = np.split(distance, 2, dim)x1y1 = anchor_points - ltx2y2 = anchor_points + rbif xywh:c_xy = (x1y1 + x2y2) / 2wh = x2y2 - x1y1return np.concatenate((c_xy, wh), dim)  # xywh bboxreturn np.concatenate((x1y1, x2y2), dim)  # xyxy bbox

1.2 RK浮点模型在仿真器上的推理

当量化模型结果异常时，先确认浮点模型在仿真器上的运行结果是正常的。
将代码中这些设置修改成与自己模型任务相一致后，将QUANTIZE_ON 设置False即可运行。输出节点的命名，可使用netron打开onnx模型。
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运行 python test.py后
 
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1.3 RK量化模型在仿真器上的推理

  1. 将 QUANTIZE_ON = True即可
  2. 运行 python test.py，没有任何检出结果。接下来我们要开始查找原因。
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1.4 使用RK提供的精度分析脚本

接下来进行精度分析，rknn提供了精度分析的脚本accuracy_analysis。这里适配自己的工程，修改其模型路径等设置，代码实现如下

import os
import sys
import numpy as np
import cv2
import time
from rknn.api import RKNN
import post as post
import globdef makedirs(path):if not os.path.exists(path): os.makedirs(path)return pathdef show_outputs(outputs):output = outputsoutput_sorted = sorted(output, reverse=True)top5_str = 'resnet50v2\n-----TOP 5-----\n'for i in range(5):value = output_sorted[i]index = np.where(output == value)for j in range(len(index)):if (i + j) >= 5:breakif value > 0:topi = '{}: {}\n'.format(index[j], value)else:topi = '-1: 0.0\n'top5_str += topiprint(top5_str)def readable_speed(speed):speed_bytes = float(speed)speed_kbytes = speed_bytes / 1024if speed_kbytes > 1024:speed_mbytes = speed_kbytes / 1024if speed_mbytes > 1024:speed_gbytes = speed_mbytes / 1024return "{:.2f} GB/s".format(speed_gbytes)else:return "{:.2f} MB/s".format(speed_mbytes)else:return "{:.2f} KB/s".format(speed_kbytes)def show_progress(blocknum, blocksize, totalsize):speed = (blocknum * blocksize) / (time.time() - start_time)speed_str = " Speed: {}".format(readable_speed(speed))recv_size = blocknum * blocksizef = sys.stdoutprogress = (recv_size / totalsize)progress_str = "{:.2f}%".format(progress * 100)n = round(progress * 50)s = ('#' * n).ljust(50, '-')f.write(progress_str.ljust(8, ' ') + '[' + s + ']' + speed_str)f.flush()f.write('\r\n')def accuracy_analysis(ONNX_MODEL, OUT_NODE, QUANTIZE_ON, DATASET=None):"""rknn官方提供的onnx转rknn的代码, 并初始化仿真器运行环境需要手动设置的是图片的均值mean_values 和方差std_values"""# Create RKNN objectrknn = RKNN(verbose=True)# pre-process configprint('--> Config model')rknn.config(mean_values=[[0, 0, 0]], std_values=[[255, 255, 255]])print('done')# Load ONNX modelprint('--> Loading model')ret = rknn.load_onnx(model=ONNX_MODEL, outputs=OUT_NODE)if ret != 0:print('Load model failed!')exit(ret)print('done')# Build modelprint('--> Building model')ret = rknn.build(do_quantization=QUANTIZE_ON, dataset=DATASET)if ret != 0:print('Build model failed!')exit(ret)print('done')# Accuracy analysisprint('--> Accuracy analysis')ret = rknn.accuracy_analysis(inputs=["./data/1664025163_1664064856_00164_001.jpg"], output_dir='./snapshot')if ret != 0:print('Accuracy analysis failed!')exit(ret)print('done')print('float32:')output = np.genfromtxt('./snapshot/golden/output0.txt')show_outputs(output)print('quantized:')output = np.genfromtxt('./snapshot/simulator/output0.txt')show_outputs(output)return rknndef gene_dataset_txt(DATASET_path, savefile):"""获取量化图片文件名的列表, 并保存成txt, 用于量化时设置"""file_data = glob.glob(os.path.join(DATASET_path,"*.jpg"))with open(savefile, "w") as f:for file in file_data:f.writelines(f"./{file}\n")if __name__ == '__main__':CLASSES = ["floor", "blanket","door_sill","obstacle"]### 模型转换相关设置ONNX_MODEL = './model/best_class4_384_640.onnx'RKNN_MODEL = './model/best_class4_384_640.rknn'DATASET = './dataset.txt'DATASET_PATH = 'data'# QUANTIZE_ON = FalseQUANTIZE_ON = TrueOUT_NODE = ["output0","output1"]### 开始实现====================================================if QUANTIZE_ON:gene_dataset_txt(DATASET_PATH, DATASET)print('1---------------------------------------> accuracy_analysis')rknn = accuracy_analysis(ONNX_MODEL, OUT_NODE, QUANTIZE_ON, DATASET)

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运行python accuracy_analysis.py后，在【./snapshot/error_analysis.txt】文本中保存着浮点模型和量化模型的每层结果的余弦距离。但查看结果，从一开始就存在较多的小于0.98的余弦距离，如下图。所以在yolov8的模型，不敢相信RK的精度分析方式。
 
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然后在跟RK方工程师沟通后，逐步发现问题：对于yolov8最后那个concat，我们查看concat前的三个节点输出数据范围，发现其中一个在0 ~1之间，另外一个在0 ~600+。

  • 两者相加后依然是600+，此时对比浮点模型和量化模型的该节点的输出的余弦距离，不能反应出问题。
  • 但存在输入数据范围差距时，量化时就会出现异常结果。

1.5 量化模型结果异常的解决

当我们分析出最后一层concat的量化存在异常，解决方式有两种：

  • 混合量化 （本篇不做延伸）
  • 将输出端存在异常的节点（这里是最后一个concat），放在后处理中实现
     

对于第二种方式：
重新设置输出节点，并修改量化为True
在这里插入图片描述
这里需要主要下，对于rknn-toolkit2-v1.4.0，设置四个输出节点，量化后的节点顺序与自己设置的顺序不对齐。但在rknn-toolkit2-v1.5.0 中修复了这个问题。所以在获取模型的4个输出，后concat时的顺序要多多留意。
在这里插入图片描述
运行结果如下：
在这里插入图片描述

2 板端运行结果

rknn的C++实现还未提供yolov8的后处理工程。自己暂不能测完整的板端推理，为了验证输出是否正确，这里将端侧推理的输出直接保存成txt文本，然后使用前面的python工程读取，然后后处理看结果是否正确。
工程的来源与运行在【yolov5系列】将模型部署到瑞芯微RK3566上 中记录过。这里在这个工程中进行修改和添加。修改内容如下：

  1. 对于 outputs[i].want_float的设置，浮点模型必须将其设置为1；量化模型设置为1时，模型输出的反量化后的数据，设置为0时输出的是量化后的数据。
  2. 增加保存输出数据到txt的代码实现。
    在这里插入图片描述

2.1 浮点模型在板端运行

首先测试浮点模型在板端的推理，看输出是否正常。

  • 转换模型时将节点为 OUT_NODE = ["output0","output1"]。
    先将转换后的模型推至板端运行，得到 output0.txt、output1.txt。然后在python工程中，加载 output0.txt、output1.txt，运行得到结果。最终得到结果如下:在这里插入图片描述
    观察结果发现，貌似掩码信息的分布是正确的，那我们就使用仿真器的预测结果和板端的预测结果交叉组合，最终发现板端预测结果中box是有问题的，其他是正常的。
    然后我们使用仿真器预测的box，使用板端预测的其他信息，然后结果如下：
    在这里插入图片描述
     

  • 接下来就要定位出问题的节点，该节点一定在box的输出分支中
    第一次尝试：OUT_NODE = ["494","495","390","output1"]
    第二次尝试： OUT_NODE = ["480","495","390","output1"]

     
    在第二次尝试的输出节点转换的模型，板端推理的结果+手动实现节点到输出的结构，最终得到正确的结果（这里不附图了，结果与python仿真器结果一致）。说明RKNN板端运行出错的问题在如下的结构中。至于为什么会有问题，已经向RKNN的工程师提出问题，后面补充原因。
    在这里插入图片描述

2.1 量化模型在板端运行

与浮点模型的问题表现完全一致。

3 附 完整的代码

## test.py
import os
import numpy as np
import cv2
from rknn.api import RKNN
import post as post
import globdef makedirs(path):if not os.path.exists(path): os.makedirs(path)return pathdef gen_color(class_num):"""随机生成掩码颜色, 用于可视化"""color_list = []np.random.seed(1)while 1:a = list(map(int, np.random.choice(range(255),3)))if(np.sum(a)==0): continuecolor_list.append(a)if len(color_list)==class_num: break# for i in range(len(color_list)):#     a = np.zeros((500,500,3))+color_list[i]#     cv2.imwrite(f"./labelcolor/{i}_{self.index2name[i]}.png", a)return color_listdef load_and_export_rknnmodel(ONNX_MODEL, RKNN_MODEL, OUT_NODE, QUANTIZE_ON, DATASET=None):"""rknn官方提供的onnx转rknn的代码, 并初始化仿真器运行环境需要手动设置的是图片的均值mean_values 和方差std_values"""# Create RKNN objectrknn = RKNN(verbose=True)# pre-process configprint('--> Config model')rknn.config(mean_values=[[0, 0, 0]], std_values=[[255, 255, 255]])print('done')# Load ONNX modelprint('--> Loading model')ret = rknn.load_onnx(model=ONNX_MODEL, outputs=OUT_NODE)if ret != 0:print('Load model failed!')exit(ret)print('done')# Build modelprint('--> Building model')ret = rknn.build(do_quantization=QUANTIZE_ON, dataset=DATASET)if ret != 0:print('Build model failed!')exit(ret)print('done')# Export RKNN modelprint('--> Export rknn model')ret = rknn.export_rknn(RKNN_MODEL)if ret != 0:print('Export rknn model failed!')exit(ret)print('done')# Init runtime environmentprint('--> Init runtime environment')ret = rknn.init_runtime()# ret = rknn.init_runtime('rk3566')if ret != 0:print('Init runtime environment failed!')exit(ret)print('done')return rknndef gene_dataset_txt(DATASET_path, savefile):"""获取量化图片文件名的列表, 并保存成txt, 用于量化时设置"""file_data = glob.glob(os.path.join(DATASET_path,"*.jpg"))with open(savefile, "w") as f:for file in file_data:f.writelines(f"./{file}\n")def load_image(IMG_PATH, IMG_SIZE):"""加载图片, 这里每个任务的预处理的规则可能不同, 只需要保证处理后的图片的尺寸和模型输入尺寸保持一致即可return: image用于结果可视, img用于模型推理"""image = cv2.imread(IMG_PATH)##==# image = cv2.resize(image, (IMG_SIZE[1],IMG_SIZE[0],3))##==# image_ = np.zeros((IMG_SIZE[1],IMG_SIZE[0],3), dtype=image.dtype)# pad = (IMG_SIZE[1]-360)//2# image_[pad:IMG_SIZE[1]-pad,:] = image# cv2.imwrite("data/test.jpg", image_)# image = image_img = cv2.cvtColor(image, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB)return image, imgdef run_model_cut(outputs, OUT_NODE):"""480节点后的python的实现"""if "480" in OUT_NODE:## ============节点480-->494中间的解析a0 = outputs[1]stride = [8,16,32]x_shape = []for i in stride:x_shape.append([1,68,384//i,640//i])anchors, strides = (np.transpose(x, (1,0)) for x in post.make_anchors(x_shape, stride, 0.5))dbox = post.dist2bbox(a0, anchors[np.newaxis], xywh=True, dim=1) * stridesoutputs[1] = dbox## ============节点"494","495","390"后的concatOUT = []OUT.append(np.concatenate((outputs[1],outputs[2], outputs[3]),axis=1))OUT.append(outputs[0])outputs = OUTif "494" in OUT_NODE:## ============节点"494","495","390"后的concatOUT = []OUT.append(np.concatenate((outputs[1],outputs[2], outputs[3]),axis=1))OUT.append(outputs[0])outputs = OUTreturn outputsdef vis_result(image, results, colorlist, save_file):"""将掩码信息+box信息画到原图上, 并将原图+masks图+可视化图 concat起来, 方便结果查看"""boxes, masks, shape = resultsvis_img = image.copy()mask_img = np.zeros_like(image)for box, mask in zip(boxes, masks):mask_img[mask!=0] = colorlist[int(box[-1])] ## cls=int(box[-1])vis_img = vis_img*0.5 + mask_img*0.5for box in boxes:cv2.rectangle(vis_img, (int(box[0]), int(box[1])), (int(box[2]), int(box[3])), (0,0,255),3,4)vis_img = np.concatenate([image, mask_img, vis_img],axis=1)cv2.imwrite(save_file, vis_img)def load_RK3566_output(path, OUT_NODE):if "output0" in OUT_NODE:output0 = np.loadtxt(os.path.join(path, "output0.txt")).reshape((1, 40, 5040))output1 = np.loadtxt(os.path.join(path, "output1.txt")).reshape((1, 32, 96, 160))return (output0, output1)if "480" in OUT_NODE:node_480 = np.loadtxt(os.path.join(path, "480.txt")).reshape((1, 4, 5040))node_495 = np.loadtxt(os.path.join(path, "495.txt")).reshape((1, 4, 5040))node_390 = np.loadtxt(os.path.join(path, "390.txt")).reshape((1, 32, 5040))output1 = np.loadtxt(os.path.join(path, "output1.txt")).reshape((1, 32, 96, 160))return (node_480, node_495, node_390, output1)if "494" in OUT_NODE:node_494 = np.loadtxt(os.path.join(path, "494.txt")).reshape((1, 4, 5040))node_495 = np.loadtxt(os.path.join(path, "495.txt")).reshape((1, 4, 5040))node_390 = np.loadtxt(os.path.join(path, "390.txt")).reshape((1, 32, 5040))output1 = np.loadtxt(os.path.join(path, "output1.txt")).reshape((1, 32, 96, 160))return (node_494, node_495, node_390, output1)if __name__ == '__main__':CLASSES = ["floor", "blanket","door_sill","obstacle"]### 模型转换相关设置ONNX_MODEL = './model/best_class4_384_640.onnx'RKNN_MODEL = './model/best_class4_384_640.rknn'DATASET = './dataset.txt'DATASET_PATH = 'data'QUANTIZE_ON = False# QUANTIZE_ON = TrueOUT_NODE = ["output0","output1"]# OUT_NODE = ["494","495","390","output1"]# OUT_NODE = ["480","495","390","output1"]### 预测图片的设置IMG_SIZE = [640, 384]IMG_PATH = './data/1664025163_1664064856_00164_001.jpg'### 后处理的设置save_PATH = makedirs('./result')OBJ_THRESH = 0.25NMS_THRESH = 0.45### 开始实现====================================================if QUANTIZE_ON:gene_dataset_txt(DATASET_PATH, DATASET)print('1---------------------------------------> export model')rknn = load_and_export_rknnmodel(ONNX_MODEL, RKNN_MODEL, OUT_NODE, QUANTIZE_ON, DATASET)print('2---------------------------------------> gene colorlist')colorlist = gen_color(len(CLASSES))  ## 获取着色时的颜色信息print('3---------------------------------------> loading image')image, img = load_image(IMG_PATH, IMG_SIZE)print('4---------------------------------------> Running model')outputs = rknn.inference(inputs=[img])# outputs_rk3566 = load_RK3566_output("./RK3566", OUT_NODE)outputs = run_model_cut(outputs, OUT_NODE)print('5---------------------------------------> postprocess')## ============模型输出后的后处理。从yolov8源码中摘取后用numpy库代替了pytorch库im = np.transpose(img[np.newaxis],[0,3,1,2])results = post.postprocess(outputs, im, img, OBJ_THRESH, NMS_THRESH, classes=len(CLASSES)) results = results[0]              ## batch=1,取第一个数据即可print('6---------------------------------------> save result')save_file = os.path.join(save_PATH, os.path.basename(IMG_PATH))vis_result(image, results, colorlist, save_file)print()
## post.py
import time
import numpy as np
import cv2def xywh2xyxy(x):y = np.copy(x)y[..., 0] = x[..., 0] - x[..., 2] / 2  # top left xy[..., 1] = x[..., 1] - x[..., 3] / 2  # top left yy[..., 2] = x[..., 0] + x[..., 2] / 2  # bottom right xy[..., 3] = x[..., 1] + x[..., 3] / 2  # bottom right yreturn ydef clip_boxes(boxes, shape):boxes[..., [0, 2]] = boxes[..., [0, 2]].clip(0, shape[1])  # x1, x2boxes[..., [1, 3]] = boxes[..., [1, 3]].clip(0, shape[0])  # y1, y2def scale_boxes(img1_shape, boxes, img0_shape, ratio_pad=None):if ratio_pad is None:  # calculate from img0_shapegain = min(img1_shape[0] / img0_shape[0], img1_shape[1] / img0_shape[1])  # gain  = old / newpad = (img1_shape[1] - img0_shape[1] * gain) / 2, (img1_shape[0] - img0_shape[0] * gain) / 2  # wh paddingelse:gain = ratio_pad[0][0]pad = ratio_pad[1]boxes[..., [0, 2]] -= pad[0]  # x paddingboxes[..., [1, 3]] -= pad[1]  # y paddingboxes[..., :4] /= gainclip_boxes(boxes, img0_shape)return boxesdef crop_mask(masks, boxes):n, h, w = masks.shapex1, y1, x2, y2 = np.split(boxes[:, :, None], 4, axis=1)r = np.arange(w, dtype=np.float32)[None, None, :]  # rows shape(1,w,1)c = np.arange(h, dtype=np.float32)[None, :, None]  # cols shape(h,1,1)return masks * ((r >= x1) * (r < x2) * (c >= y1) * (c < y2))def sigmoid(x): return 1.0/(1+np.exp(-x))def process_mask(protos, masks_in, bboxes, shape):c, mh, mw = protos.shape  # CHWih, iw = shapemasks = sigmoid(masks_in @ protos.reshape(c, -1)).reshape(-1, mh, mw)  # CHW 【lulu】downsampled_bboxes = bboxes.copy()downsampled_bboxes[:, 0] *= mw / iwdownsampled_bboxes[:, 2] *= mw / iwdownsampled_bboxes[:, 3] *= mh / ihdownsampled_bboxes[:, 1] *= mh / ihmasks = crop_mask(masks, downsampled_bboxes)  # CHWmasks = np.transpose(masks, [1,2,0])# masks = cv2.resize(masks, (shape[1], shape[0]), interpolation=cv2.INTER_NEAREST)masks = cv2.resize(masks, (shape[1], shape[0]), interpolation=cv2.INTER_LINEAR)masks = np.transpose(masks, [2,0,1])return np.where(masks>0.5,masks,0)def nms(bboxes, scores, threshold=0.5):x1 = bboxes[:, 0]y1 = bboxes[:, 1]x2 = bboxes[:, 2]y2 = bboxes[:, 3]areas = (x2 - x1) * (y2 - y1)order = scores.argsort()[::-1]keep = []while order.size > 0:i = order[0]keep.append(i)if order.size == 1: breakxx1 = np.maximum(x1[i], x1[order[1:]])yy1 = np.maximum(y1[i], y1[order[1:]])xx2 = np.minimum(x2[i], x2[order[1:]])yy2 = np.minimum(y2[i], y2[order[1:]])w = np.maximum(0.0, (xx2 - xx1))h = np.maximum(0.0, (yy2 - yy1))inter = w * hiou = inter / (areas[i] + areas[order[1:]] - inter)ids = np.where(iou <= threshold)[0]order = order[ids + 1]return keepdef non_max_suppression(prediction,conf_thres=0.25,iou_thres=0.45,classes=None,agnostic=False,multi_label=False,labels=(),max_det=300,nc=0,  # number of classes (optional)
):# Checksassert 0 <= conf_thres <= 1, f'Invalid Confidence threshold {conf_thres}, valid values are between 0.0 and 1.0'assert 0 <= iou_thres <= 1, f'Invalid IoU {iou_thres}, valid values are between 0.0 and 1.0'#【lulu】prediction.shape[1]：box + cls + num_masksbs = prediction.shape[0]              # batch sizenc = nc or (prediction.shape[1] - 4)  # number of classesnm = prediction.shape[1] - nc - 4     # num_masksmi = 4 + nc                           # mask start indexxc = np.max(prediction[:, 4:mi], axis=1) > conf_thres ## 【lulu】# Settings# min_wh = 2  # (pixels) minimum box width and heightmax_wh = 7680  # (pixels) maximum box width and heightmax_nms = 30000  # maximum number of boxes into torchvision.ops.nms()time_limit = 0.5 + 0.05 * bs  # seconds to quit afterredundant = True  # require redundant detectionsmulti_label &= nc > 1  # multiple labels per box (adds 0.5ms/img)merge = False  # use merge-NMSt = time.time()output = [np.zeros((0,6 + nm))] * bs ## 【lulu】for xi, x in enumerate(prediction):  # image index, image inference# Apply constraints# x[((x[:, 2:4] < min_wh) | (x[:, 2:4] > max_wh)).any(1), 4] = 0  # width-heightx = np.transpose(x,[1,0])[xc[xi]] ## 【lulu】# If none remain process next imageif not x.shape[0]: continue# Detections matrix nx6 (xyxy, conf, cls)box, cls, mask = np.split(x, [4, 4+nc], axis=1) ## 【lulu】box = xywh2xyxy(box)  # center_x, center_y, width, height) to (x1, y1, x2, y2)j = np.argmax(cls, axis=1)  ## 【lulu】conf = cls[np.array(range(j.shape[0])), j].reshape(-1,1)x = np.concatenate([box, conf, j.reshape(-1,1), mask], axis=1)[conf.reshape(-1,)>conf_thres]# Check shapen = x.shape[0]  # number of boxesif not n: continuex = x[np.argsort(x[:, 4])[::-1][:max_nms]]  # sort by confidence and remove excess boxes 【lulu】# Batched NMSc = x[:, 5:6] * max_wh  # classes ## 乘以的原因是将相同类别放置统一尺寸区间进行nmsboxes, scores = x[:, :4] + c, x[:, 4]  # boxes (offset by class), scoresi = nms(boxes, scores, iou_thres) ## 【lulu】i = i[:max_det]  # limit detectionsoutput[xi] = x[i]if (time.time() - t) > time_limit:# LOGGER.warning(f'WARNING ⚠️ NMS time limit {time_limit:.3f}s exceeded')break  # time limit exceededreturn outputdef postprocess(preds, img, orig_img, OBJ_THRESH, NMS_THRESH, classes=None):"""len(preds)=2preds[0].shape=(1,40,5040)。其中40=4(box)+4(cls)+32(num_masks), 32为原型系数。5040为3层输出featuremap的grid_ceil的总和。preds[1].shape=(1, 32, 96, 160)。32为32个原型掩码。(96,160)为第三层的featuremap的尺寸。总共需要3个步骤:1. 对检测框, 也就是preds[0], 进行得分阈值、iou阈值筛选, 得到需要保留的框的信息, 以及对应的32为原型系数2. 将每个检测框的原型系数乘以每个原型, 得到对应的类别的mask, 此时目标框和mask数量一一对应。然后使用每个检测框框自己对应的mask的featuremap,框以外的有效mask删除, 得到最终的目标掩码3. 将mask和框都恢复到原尺寸下"""p = non_max_suppression(preds[0],OBJ_THRESH,NMS_THRESH,agnostic=False,max_det=300,nc=classes,classes=None)                            results = []proto = preds[1]  for i, pred in enumerate(p):shape = orig_img.shapeif not len(pred):results.append([[], [], []])  # save empty boxescontinuemasks = process_mask(proto[i], pred[:, 6:], pred[:, :4], img.shape[2:])  # HWCpred[:, :4] = scale_boxes(img.shape[2:], pred[:, :4], shape).round()results.append([pred[:, :6], masks, shape[:2]])return resultsdef make_anchors(feats_shape, strides, grid_cell_offset=0.5):"""Generate anchors from features."""anchor_points, stride_tensor = [], []assert feats_shape is not Nonedtype_ = np.floatfor i, stride in enumerate(strides):_, _, h, w = feats_shape[i]sx = np.arange(w, dtype=dtype_) + grid_cell_offset  # shift xsy = np.arange(h, dtype=dtype_) + grid_cell_offset  # shift ysy, sx = np.meshgrid(sy, sx, indexing='ij') anchor_points.append(np.stack((sx, sy), -1).reshape(-1, 2))stride_tensor.append(np.full((h * w, 1), stride, dtype=dtype_))return np.concatenate(anchor_points), np.concatenate(stride_tensor)def dist2bbox(distance, anchor_points, xywh=True, dim=-1):"""Transform distance(ltrb) to box(xywh or xyxy)."""lt, rb = np.split(distance, 2, dim)x1y1 = anchor_points - ltx2y2 = anchor_points + rbif xywh:c_xy = (x1y1 + x2y2) / 2wh = x2y2 - x1y1return np.concatenate((c_xy, wh), dim)  # xywh bboxreturn np.concatenate((x1y1, x2y2), dim)  # xyxy bbox
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