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图形说明:
Thread.State源码注释:
public enum State {/*** 新生状态：线程对象创建，但是还未start()*/NEW,/*** 线程处于可运行状态，但是这个可运行状态并不代表线程一定在虚拟机中执行。* 需要等待从操作系统获取到资源(比如处理器时间片)，才能真正的去运行*/RUNNABLE,/*** 当前线程处于阻塞状态，正在等待另一个线程的monitor lock释放，才进入synchronized代码块或方法*/BLOCKED,/*** 调用Object#wait() 、 Thread.join方法后当前线程处于等待状态，* 等待其他的线程执行特定的动作，才能从等待状态退出。* 比如：Object.wait()的线程需要等待其他线程调用Object.notify()、Object.notifyAll()才能退出* 比如：调用了Thread.join()的线程需要等待指定的线程执行完成才能退出等待状态。*/WAITING,/*** 进入特定时间内的等待状态，等待一段指定的时间sleep(timed)、wait(timed)或者等待Thread.join(timed)的时间.* 到达指定时间点自动退出恢复到RUNNABLE状态*/TIMED_WAITING,/*** 线程结束状态*/TERMINATED;
}
代码示例:
NEW状态:
public class ThreadState {public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {Thread thread = new Thread();System.out.println(thread.getState());}
}
结果:
RUNNABLE状态:
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {Thread thread = new Thread(()-> {while (true){Thread.yield();}});thread.start();Thread.sleep(2000);System.out.println(thread.getState());}
}
结果:
WAITING状态:
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {Thread thread = new Thread(()-> {LockSupport.park();while (true){Thread.yield();}});thread.start();Thread.sleep(50);System.out.println(thread.getState());LockSupport.unpark(thread);Thread.sleep(50);System.out.println(thread.getState());}
结果:
join方法代码:
可见Thread#join()是在线程实例存活的时候总是调用Object#wait()方法，也就是必须在线程执行完毕isAlive()为false（意味着线程生命周期已经终结）的时候才会解除阻塞。
TIMED WAITING状态:
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {Thread thread = new Thread(()-> {try {Thread.sleep(1000);} catch (InterruptedException e) {//ignore}});thread.start();thread.notify();Thread.sleep(50);System.out.println(thread.getState());Thread.sleep(1000);System.out.println(thread.getState());}
结果:
BLOCKED状态:
BLOCKED状态也就是阻塞状态，该状态下的线程不会被分配CPU执行时间。线程的状态为BLOCKED的时候有两种可能的情况：
A thread in the blocked state is waiting for a monitor lock to enter a synchronized block/method
1.线程正在等待一个监视器锁，只有获取监视器锁之后才能进入synchronized代码块或者synchronized方法，
在此等待获取锁的过程线程都处于阻塞状态。
reenter a synchronized block/method after calling Object#wait()
2.线程X步入synchronized代码块或者synchronized方法后（此时已经释放监视器锁）调用Object#wait()方法之后进行阻塞，
当接收其他线程T调用该锁对象Object#notify()/notifyAll()，但是线程T尚未退出它所在的synchronized代码块或者synchronized方法，
那么线程X依然处于阻塞状态（注意API注释中的reenter，理解它场景2就豁然开朗）。
private static final Object MONITOR = new Object();private static final DateTimeFormatter F = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {System.out.printf("[%s]-begin...%n", F.format(LocalDateTime.now()));Thread thread1 = new Thread(() -> {synchronized (MONITOR) {System.out.printf("[%s]-thread1 got monitor lock...%n", F.format(LocalDateTime.now()));try {Thread.sleep(1000);MONITOR.wait();} catch (InterruptedException e) {//ignore}System.out.printf("[%s]-thread1 exit waiting...%n", F.format(LocalDateTime.now()));}});Thread thread2 = new Thread(() -> {synchronized (MONITOR) {System.out.printf("[%s]-thread2 got monitor lock...%n", F.format(LocalDateTime.now()));try {MONITOR.notify();//这个时候thread2已经释放了MONITOR锁,thread1已经被唤醒，但是因为thread2还在占用MONITOR，所以thread1是blocked状态//对应 reenter a synchronized block/method after calling Object#wait()Thread.sleep(2000);} catch (InterruptedException e) {//ignore}System.out.printf("[%s]-thread2 releases monitor lock...%n", F.format(LocalDateTime.now()));}});thread1.start();thread2.start();// 这里故意让主线程sleep 1500毫秒从而让thread2调用了Object#notify()并且尚未退出同步代码块，确保thread1调用了Object#wait()Thread.sleep(1500); System.out.println(thread1.getState());System.out.printf("[%s]-end...%n", F.format(LocalDateTime.now()));}
结果:
源码的注释说的就是上述测试的情况,虽然调用了notify方法，但是被唤醒的线程并不会进入RUNNABLE状态，需要等thread2释放锁以后重新参与锁竞争；
TERMINATED状态：
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {Thread thread = new Thread(() -> {});thread.start();Thread.sleep(50);System.out.println(thread.getState());}
结果:
