1,二叉树基本概念
- 树分为很多种,其中每一个节点最多有两个节点的树形式称之为二叉树
- 二叉树的子节点分为左节点和父节点;对于一个父节点来说,可以单独存在左子节点或者右子节点,也可以同时存在左右子节点

- 如果二叉树的所有叶子节点都在最后一层,并且
节点总数 = 2 ^ n - 1
,n为最大层数,则该二叉树可以称之为满二叉树

- 如果二叉树的所有叶子节点都在最后一层或者倒数第二层,且最后一层的叶子节点在左边连续,倒数第二层的叶子节点在右边连续,则称之为完全二叉树

2,二叉树遍历
2.1,前序遍历
- 先输出当前节点(初始为叶子节点)
- 如果左子节点不为空,再递归前序遍历输出左子节点
- 如果右子节点不为空,最后递归前序遍历输出右子节点
2.2,中序遍历
- 如果左子节点不为空,先递归中序遍历输出左子节点
- 再输出当前节点
- 如果右子节点不为空,最后递归中序遍历输出右子节点
2.3,后续遍历
- 如果左子节点不为空,先递归后序遍历输出左子节点
- 如果右子节点不为空,再递归后序遍历输出右子节点
- 最后输出当前节点
2.4,遍历代码汇总
package com.self.datastructure.tree;import lombok.Data;
import lombok.ToString;import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class BinaryTree {public static void main(String[] args) {MyBinaryTree binaryTree = new MyBinaryTree();binaryTree.addNode(5);binaryTree.addNode(1);binaryTree.addNode(4);binaryTree.addNode(6);binaryTree.addNode(3);binaryTree.addNode(2);binaryTree.addNode(7);binaryTree.addNode(8);binaryTree.addNode(8);binaryTree.postShowDetails(binaryTree.getNode());}static class MyBinaryTree {private Node node;public void addNode(Integer data) {if (null == node) {node = new Node(data);} else {addNode(data, node);}}private void addNode(Integer data, Node node) {if (null == node) {throw new RuntimeException("Node 节点为空");}if (data > node.getData()) {Node rightNode = node.getRightNode();if (null == rightNode) {Node newNode = new Node(data);node.setRightNode(newNode);newNode.setParentNode(node);} else {addNode(data, node.getRightNode());}} else if (data < node.getData()) {Node leftNode = node.getLeftNode();if (null == leftNode) {Node newNode = new Node(data);node.setLeftNode(newNode);newNode.setParentNode(node);} else {addNode(data, node.getLeftNode());}} else {System.out.println("数据节点已经存在");}}public Node getNode() {return node;}public void preShowDetails() {doPreShowDetails(node);}private void doPreShowDetails(Node node) {if (null == node) {return;}System.out.println("Node: " + node.getData());if (null != node.getLeftNode()) {doPreShowDetails(node.getLeftNode());}if (null != node.getRightNode()) {doPreShowDetails(node.getRightNode());}}public void middleShowDetails() {doMiddleShowDetails(node);}public void doMiddleShowDetails(Node node) {if (null == node) {return;}if (null != node.getLeftNode()) {doMiddleShowDetails(node.getLeftNode());}System.out.println("Node: " + node.getData());if (null != node.getRightNode()) {doMiddleShowDetails(node.getRightNode());}}public void postShowDetails() {doPostShowDetails(node);}public void doPostShowDetails(Node node) {if (null == node) {return;}if (null != node.getLeftNode()) {doPostShowDetails(node.getLeftNode());}if (null != node.getRightNode()) {doPostShowDetails(node.getRightNode());}System.out.println("Node: " + node.getData());}}@Data@ToStringstatic class Node {private Integer data;private Node leftNode;private Node rightNode;private Node parentNode;public Node() {}public Node(Integer data) {this(data, null, null);}public Node(Integer data, Node leftNode, Node rightNode) {this.data = data;this.leftNode = leftNode;this.rightNode = rightNode;}}
}
3,二叉树查找
3.1,前序查找
- 先比较当前节点,当前节点匹配到直接返回
- 再匹配左侧节点,并递归前序查找进行匹配,匹配到直接返回
- 最后匹配右侧节点,并递归前序查找进行匹配,匹配到直接返回
- 以上几步没有匹配到,则返回null,表示没有匹配到
3.2,中序查找
- 先匹配左侧节点,并递归中序查找进行匹配,匹配到直接返回
- 再比较当前节点,当前节点匹配到直接返回
- 最后匹配右侧节点,并递归中序查找进行匹配,匹配到直接返回
- 以上几步没有匹配到,则返回null,表示没有匹配到
3.3,后续查找
- 先匹配左侧节点,并递归后序查找进行匹配,匹配到直接返回
- 再匹配右侧节点,并递归后序查找进行匹配,匹配到直接返回
- 再比较当前节点,当前节点匹配到直接返回
- 以上几步没有匹配到,则返回null,表示没有匹配到
3.4,查找代码汇总
package com.self.datastructure.tree;import lombok.Data;
import lombok.ToString;import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class BinaryTree {public static void main(String[] args) {MyBinaryTree binaryTree = new MyBinaryTree();binaryTree.addNode(5);binaryTree.addNode(1);binaryTree.addNode(4);binaryTree.addNode(6);binaryTree.addNode(3);binaryTree.addNode(2);binaryTree.addNode(7);binaryTree.addNode(8);System.out.println(binaryTree.preFindNode(50));}static class MyBinaryTree {private Node node;public void addNode(Integer data) {if (null == node) {node = new Node(data);} else {addNode(data, node);}}private void addNode(Integer data, Node node) {if (null == node) {throw new RuntimeException("Node 节点为空");}if (data > node.getData()) {Node rightNode = node.getRightNode();if (null == rightNode) {Node newNode = new Node(data);node.setRightNode(newNode);newNode.setParentNode(node);} else {addNode(data, node.getRightNode());}} else if (data < node.getData()) {Node leftNode = node.getLeftNode();if (null == leftNode) {Node newNode = new Node(data);node.setLeftNode(newNode);newNode.setParentNode(node);} else {addNode(data, node.getLeftNode());}} else {System.out.println("数据节点已经存在");}}public Integer preFindNode(Integer targetData) {return doPreFindNode(targetData, node);}public Integer doPreFindNode(Integer targetData, Node node) {if (null == node) {return null;}if (targetData == node.getData()) {return node.getData();} else if (targetData < node.getData()) {return doPreFindNode(targetData, node.getLeftNode());} else if (targetData > node.getData()) {return doPreFindNode(targetData, node.getRightNode());}return null;}public Integer middleFindNode(Integer targetData) {return doMiddleFindNode(targetData, node);}public Integer doMiddleFindNode(Integer targetData, Node node) {if (null == node) {return null;}if (targetData < node.getData()) {return doMiddleFindNode(targetData, node.getLeftNode());} else if (targetData == node.getData()) {return node.getData();} else if (targetData > node.getData()) {return doMiddleFindNode(targetData, node.getRightNode());}return null;}public Integer postFindNode(Integer targetData) {return doPostFindNode(targetData, node);}public Integer doPostFindNode(Integer targetData, Node node) {if (null == node) {return null;}if (targetData < node.getData()) {return doPostFindNode(targetData, node.getLeftNode());} else if (targetData > node.getData()) {return doPostFindNode(targetData, node.getRightNode());} else if (targetData == node.getData()) {return node.getData();}return null;}@Data@ToStringstatic class Node {private Integer data;private Node leftNode;private Node rightNode;private Node parentNode;public Node() {}public Node(Integer data) {this(data, null, null);}public Node(Integer data, Node leftNode, Node rightNode) {this.data = data;this.leftNode = leftNode;this.rightNode = rightNode;}}
}
4,二叉树删除
4.1,删除步骤
- 如果删除的节点是叶子节点,则直接删除
- 如果删除的是非叶子节点,则需要对删除节点的子节点进行处理
- 用右侧最左节点代替该节点,并删除右侧最左节点
4.2,删除代码实现
package com.self.datastructure.tree;import lombok.Data;
import lombok.ToString;import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class BinaryTree {public static void main(String[] args) {MyBinaryTree binaryTree = new MyBinaryTree();binaryTree.addNode(5);binaryTree.addNode(2);binaryTree.addNode(1);binaryTree.addNode(4);binaryTree.addNode(3);binaryTree.addNode(8);binaryTree.addNode(6);binaryTree.addNode(9);binaryTree.addNode(10);binaryTree.middleShowDetails();System.out.println(binaryTree.delNode(1));;binaryTree.middleShowDetails();}static class MyBinaryTree {private Node node;public void addNode(Integer data) {if (null == node) {node = new Node(data);} else {addNode(data, node);}}private void addNode(Integer data, Node node) {if (null == node) {throw new RuntimeException("Node 节点为空");}if (data > node.getData()) {Node rightNode = node.getRightNode();if (null == rightNode) {node.setRightNode(new Node(data));} else {addNode(data, node.getRightNode());}} else if (data < node.getData()) {Node leftNode = node.getLeftNode();if (null == leftNode) {node.setLeftNode(new Node(data));} else {addNode(data, node.getLeftNode());}} else {System.out.println("数据节点已经存在");}}public boolean delNode(Integer targetData) {if (null == node) {return false;}return doDelNode(targetData, node);}private boolean doDelNode(Integer targetData, Node node) {if (null == node) {return false;}if (targetData > node.getData()) {return doDelNode(targetData, node.getRightNode());} else if (targetData < node.getData()) {return doDelNode(targetData, node.getLeftNode());} else {Node nextNode = findNextNode(node);if (null == nextNode) {if (this.node == node) {this.node = node.getLeftNode();this.node.setParentNode(null);} else {if (node == node.getParentNode().getLeftNode()) {node.getParentNode().setLeftNode(node.getLeftNode());} else if (node == node.getParentNode().getRightNode()) {node.getParentNode().setRightNode(node.getLeftNode());}if (null != node.getLeftNode()) {node.getLeftNode().setParentNode(node.getParentNode());}}} else {node.setData(nextNode.getData());if (nextNode == nextNode.getParentNode().getLeftNode()) {nextNode.getParentNode().setLeftNode(nextNode.getRightNode());} else if (nextNode == nextNode.getParentNode().getRightNode()) {nextNode.getParentNode().setRightNode(nextNode.getRightNode());}if (null != nextNode.getRightNode()) {nextNode.getRightNode().setParentNode(nextNode.getParentNode());}}return true;}}private Node findNextNode(Node node) {Node nextNode = node.getRightNode();if (null == nextNode) {return nextNode;}while (null != nextNode.getLeftNode()) {nextNode = nextNode.getLeftNode();}return nextNode;}public void middleShowDetails() {doMiddleShowDetails(node);}public void doMiddleShowDetails(Node node) {if (null == node) {return;}if (null != node.getLeftNode()) {doMiddleShowDetails(node.getLeftNode());}System.out.println("Node: " + node.getData());if (null != node.getRightNode()) {doMiddleShowDetails(node.getRightNode());}}}@Data@ToStringstatic class Node {private Integer data;private Node leftNode;private Node rightNode;public Node() {}public Node(Integer data) {this(data, null, null);}public Node(Integer data, Node leftNode, Node rightNode) {this.data = data;this.leftNode = leftNode;this.rightNode = rightNode;}}
}